About Nephrology

Do you know that...

  • Early detection can help prevent the progression of kidney disease to kidney failure.

  • Heart disease is the major cause of death for all people with CKD.

  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best estimate of kidney function.

  • Hypertension causes CKD and CKD causes hypertension.

  • Persistent proteinuria (protein in urine) means CKD.

  • High-risk groups include those with diabetes, hypertension and family history of kidney disease.

  • Three simple tests can detect CKD: blood pressure, urine albumin and serum creatinine.

  • Globally more than 500 million individuals, or about one adult in ten in the general population, have some form of chronic kidney disease.

  • CKD is present when individuals have an increase in excretion of albumin in the urine or a major decrease in kidney function or glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This may lead to complications such as high blood pressure, anemia, and heart and blood vessel disease.

  • Globally the most common causes of CKD have been nephrotic (condition where lot of protein is lost in the urine)/ nephritic or inflammatory diseases of the kidney, infections, obstruction in the urinary tract and inherited disorders like polycystic kidney disease (PKD). This is changing in both developed and developing countries towards diabetes and hypertension, which are also the most common causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

  • Simple laboratory tests are done on small samples of blood and urine to measure creatinine content and calculated GFR and albumin excretion.

Kidney Function

  • Removing wastes like urea,creatinine etc
  • Maintaining the body's chemical balance (homeostasis). Producing hormones.
  • A hormone called renin, which helps regulate blood pressure.
  • A hormone called erythropoietin, which is needed for the production of red blood cells (hemoglobin).
  • A form of vitamin D, which is needed to absorb calcium from the food. Vitamin D and calcium are needed to build healthy bones and maintain normal muscle function.

How to Test Kidney Function

  • Creatinine 
  • Blood urea
  • Electrolytes: Sodium, potassium
  • Calcium,phosphorus 
  • Complete urine analysis for protein,blood etc
  • 24 hours urine for protein and creatinine clearance.

Kidney Failure

Acute: Sudden
Reversible
Complete/ ? Incomplete
Support with dialysis- temporary

Chronic Kidney Disease

  • Long standing
  • Progressive
  • Irrepairable 
  • Can be slowed down if detected early
  • Can have sudden,temporary deterioration
  • Once, “end stage”, requires “life long”   dialysis
  • Prepare for transplantation
  • Several associated problems
  • Conservative treatment – expensive 

What Causes CKD?

  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension

Other Causes of Kidney Failure

  • Glomerulonephritis 
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Congenital abnormalities of urinary system
  • Obstructions of urinary system
  • Toxins
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Infection
  • Kidney stones
  • Trauma (physical injury) 

What are The Symptoms?

Most people do not have any severe symptoms until their kidney disease gets worse.However, you may:

  • feel more tired
  • have less energy
  • have trouble thinking clearly
  • have a poor appetite
  • have trouble sleeping
  • have dry, itchy skin
  • have muscle cramping at night
  • have swollen feet and ankles
  • have puffiness around your eyes, especially in the morning

Some Statistics

Satisfied Patients:

10,000+

Succesful Surgeries:

1,500+

Image Gallery

Video Gallery